The successive members vary from each other by a ch 2 unit. Nomenclature of carbon compounds containing functional groups halogens, alcohol. Jun 12, 2017 order in homologous series photograph shows the first members of various homologous series. Homologous series grade 10 organic chemistry youtube. Ocr definitions chains, energy and resources flashcards. A homologous series is defined as a family or group of structurally similar organic compounds all the members of which contain the same functional group, show a gradation in physical and similarity in chemical properties and any two adjacent members of which differ by a ch 2 group. Definition of homologous series chemistry dictionary. Homologous series groups of related having the same chemical functions and the same type of structure organic compounds that differ from one another only by one or more methylene ch2 groups.
There are a number of homologous series of organic compounds. Here we have given ncert class 10 science notes chapter 4 carbon. Mar 26, 2019 ncert answer and solution as per cbse. All the compounds of the series have same chemical properties and physical properties with a gradual variation. Hydrocarbons 365 unit after studying this unit, you will be able to name hydrocarbons according to iupac system of nomenclature. With the increase in molecular mass in a homologous series the physical properties like melting points, boiling points and solubility in a particular solvent increases.
All the compounds within a homologous series have the same general molecular formula and the same functional group carboncarbon, hydroxyl, carboxyl, ester, etc. All option contracts of the same class that also have the same unit of trade, expiration date, and exercise price. Order in homologous series photograph shows the first members of various homologous series. In chemistry, a homologous series is a series of compounds with a similar general formula, possessing similar chemical properties due to the presence of the same functional group. The homologous series has compound with the same general formula and functional group all the compounds of the series have same chemical properties and physical properties with a gradual variation the preparation method of the compounds present in the series remains the same. A homologous series is a group or family of organic compounds that has certain characteristics. Homologous series definition of homologous series by the. Homologous series is a series of compounds with similar chemical properties and same functional group differing from the successive member. Choose from 352 different sets of homologous series flashcards on quizlet. Jan 12, 2012 a homologous series may be defined as a family of organic compounds having the same functional group and similar chemical properties. This is good reference material for students who are preparing for science subject of class 10 final exams. A homologous series is a series of compounds with the same general formula, usually varying by a single parameter such as the length of a carbon chain. Carbon and its compounds class 10 notes science chapter 4. Similarly, two surfaces within a threedimensional space are.
In that series, successive members differ in mass by an extra methylene bridge ch 2 unit inserted in the chain. Intuitively, two curves in a plane or other twodimensional surface are homologous if together they bound a regionthereby distinguishing between an inside and an outside. Homology, in mathematics, a basic notion of algebraic topology. The members of this series are called homologue and differ from each other by the number of ch 2 units in the main carbon chain.
Homologous series is a group or a family of hydrocarbons in which the difference between any two successive members is a ch 2 group or 14u mass all members of a homologous series have the same functional group and thus possess similar chemical properties. Homologous series compounds have following characteristics. A homologous series is a series of carbon compounds having similar structures and chemical properties and contain the same functional group. Significance and properties of the homologous series. Start studying ocr definitions chains, energy and resources. Alkanes form a homologous series and so do alkenes. The members of homolugous series are called homologous. For any contentservice related issues please contact on this.
The functional group attached to these compounds is alcohol. Organic chemistry organic chemistry is the study of carbon compounds that always contain carbon and it is limited to other elements. Procedures and guidelines on mineral nomenclature 1998. The series of carbon compounds in which two successive compounds differ by ch 2 unit is called homologous series. A homologous series is defined as a family or group of structurally similar organic compounds all the members of which contain the same. Define homologous series science carbon and its compounds. Ncert solutions for class 10 science, consist of solved answers for all the chapters, with intext exercises and ncert exercises. The members of a homologous series can be represented by general molecular formula and the successive members differ from each other in molecular formula by a ch 2 unit. This can be the length of a carbon chain, for example in the straightchained alkanes paraffins, or it could be the number of monomers in a homopolymer such as. Define homologous series homework help mycbseguide. Information and translations of homologous series in the most comprehensive dictionary definitions resource on the web. A homologous series is a series of organic compounds which belong to the same family i.
Thus the molecular mass of each member differs by 14 atomic mass units. Learn homologous series with free interactive flashcards. Cbse ncert notes class 10 chemistry carbon and its compounds. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Compounds within a homologous series typically have a fixed set of functional groups that gives them similar chemical and physical properties.
A family of organic compounds having the same functional group, similar chemical properties and the successive adjacent members differ by a ch 2 unit or 14 mass unit. Carbon chains of varying length have been observed in organic compounds having the same general formula. There will be full syllabus exams for class 10 from the academic year 2019 onward. The same thing can be observed in case of alkenes in which the first member is ethene and the successive members are c 3 h 6, c 4 h. The series like methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol and so on is also a homologous series. Homologous series are referenced frequently in organic chemistry, where compounds can differ by the length of their carbon chain. The homologous series has compound with the same general formula and functional group. Homologous series financial definition of homologous series. Homologous series article about homologous series by the.
May 31, 2018 learn homologous series with meritstore. For example in ch 4 and c 2 h 6, the difference is ch 2 unit and the difference between c 2 h 6 and c 3 h 8 is also ch 2 unit. Compounds obtained from plants and animals were termed organic to indicate their ultimate source was a living organism. Hence, such a series of compounds in which the same functional group substitutes for hydrogen in a carbon chain is called a homologous series. Best online learning app which provides cbse class 10 interactive video lectures, ncert solutions, written study material. The ima commission on new minerals and mineral names. Homologous series chemistry, class 11, organic chemistry. In the field of organic chemistry, a homologous series is a sequence of compounds with the same functional group and similar chemical properties in which the. Alkanes, alkenes, alcohols, carboxylic acids and esters belong to different homologous series. Chapter 12 organic chemistry some basic principles and techniques download ncert solutions for class 11 chemistry link of pdf file is given below at the end of the questions list in this pdf file you can see answers of following questions ncert solutions exercises questions. A homologous series in organic chemistry is a group of organic compounds compounds that contain c atoms that differ from each other by one methylene ch 2 group. Organic chemistry some basic principles and techniques. A series of organic compounds with the same general formula but differ from adjacent members by ch 2 group are referred to as homologous series of compounds. Carbon and its compounds, carbon and its compounds activity.
There is another classification based on homologous series. A homologous series refers to a series of carbon compounds which have a different number of carbon atoms. A homologous series may be defined as a family of organic compounds having the same functional group and similar chemical properties. Such organic compounds that vary from one another by a repeating unit and have the same. All carbon compounds having carbon and hydrogen are known as hydrocarbons. The functional group may be defined as an atom or group of atoms joined in a specific manner which is responsible for. The saturated hydrocarbons having single bonds are called alkanes. The members of this series are called homologue and differ from each other by the number of ch 2. What is homologous series explain with an example science. Dec 15, 20 a homologous series is a series of carbon compounds that have different numbers of carbon atoms but contain the same functional group. A few carbon compounds also exhibit a similar pattern. For example, methane, ethane, propane, butane, etc. Nov 22, 2019 a homologous series is a series of compounds with the same general formula, usually varying by a single parameter such as the length of a carbon chain.
Homologous series is a series of compounds with similar chemical properties and same functional group differing from the successive member by ch 2. Ncert class xi chemistry chapter 12 organic chemistry. The homologous series of straightchained alkanes begins methane ch 4, ethane c 2 h 6, propane c 3 h 8, butane c 4 h 10, and pentane c 5 h 12. Homologous series organic compounds are grouped into different homologous series. Ncert science class 10 activity solved page 4 of 10. Such series are most common among organic compounds, the structural difference being a methylene group, as in the paraffin hydrocarbons, or alkanes. The individual members of a homologous series are called homologues and the phenomenon is called homology. Chapter 4 carbon and its compounds ncert solutions for. Homologous series definition of homologous series by. In this series, a group of compounds share similar basic chemical makeup. An example of the homologous series with some of their homologs are given below. The successive members of the series differ by a ct group and 14 mass units. Definition of homologous series in the definitions.
Examples of such series are the straightchained alkanes paraffins, and some of their derivatives such as the primary alcohols, aldehydes, and mono carboxylic acids. The compounds of each homologous series especially the middle members are characterized by relatively regular changes in certain physical properties. Neues jahrbuch fur mineralogie, abhandlungen, 160, 269297. Jun 22, 2018 mathematical tables are super interesting. Carbon and its compounds homologous series youtube. Homologous series of alkanes, alkenes and alkynes with. Aug 20, 2018 what is the homologous series of hydrocarbons what do you mean by homologous series. Such series are most common among organic compounds, the structural difference being a methylene group, as in the paraffin hydrocarbons, or.
Simple crystallization crystallisation is one of the most effective purification techniques for solids. Ncert solutions for all subjects in order to get good marks in cbse board exams. Jan 15, 2012 the members of homolugous series are called homologous. All the members of a homologous series can be represented by a general formula. The organisation of organic compounds into the various different homologous series makes the study of organic chemistry more systematic, orderly and effective. The preparation method of the compounds present in the series remains the same. Homologous series are often named for their first member for example, methane series, ethylene series, and so on. Series of compounds which have a common general formula and in which each member differs from the next member by a constant unit, which is the methylene group ch 2 is called the homologous series.
In the field of organic chemistry, a homologous series is a series of compounds with the same functional group and similar chemical properties in which the members of the series can be branched or unbranched. Chapter 12 organic chemistry some basic principles and techniques download ncert solutions for class 11 chemistry. The annual examination will be of 80 marks and 20 marks weightage shall be for. A homologous series is a series of carbon compounds that have different numbers of carbon atoms but contain the same functional group. For example, methane, ethane, propane, butane, etc are all part of the alkane homologous series. Naphthalene and camphor burn with yellow flame while alcohol burn with a blue flame. In the case of many foreign shares, one series may be owned only by citizens of the country in which the stock. Homologous series a series of organic compounds in which every succeeding member differs from the previous one called homologous series.
Some of these are alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, haloalkanes, alkanols, alkanals, alkanones, alkanoic acids, amines etc. In chemistry, a homologous series is a series of organic compounds with a similar general formula, possessing similar chemical properties due to the presence of the same functional group, and shows a gradation in physical properties as a result of increase in molecular size and mass see relative molecular mass. And successive members of homologous series differ from one another in their mass by 14 units. Homologous series of alkanes, alkenes and alkynes with examples.
Homologous series, any of numerous groups of chemical compounds in each of which the difference between successive members is a simple structural unit. The same thing can be observed in case of alkenes in which the first member is ethene and the successive members. Definition of homologous series a series of compounds in which each member differs from the next by a specific number and kind of atoms. May 08, 2017 a homologous series is a series of carbon compounds that have different numbers of carbon atoms but contain the same functional group. Download ncert solutions for class 10 science of 2018 2019 english medium and hindi medium. In chemistry, a homologous series is a group of compounds that share the same basic chemical makeup, but differ in the number of iterations of a certain aspect of their structure.
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